Barberry. Bush. Varieties. Berry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Diseases And Pests. A Photo

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Barberry. Bush. Varieties. Berry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Diseases And Pests. A Photo
Barberry. Bush. Varieties. Berry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Diseases And Pests. A Photo

Video: Barberry. Bush. Varieties. Berry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Diseases And Pests. A Photo

Video: Barberry. Bush. Varieties. Berry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Diseases And Pests. A Photo
Video: All About Japanese Barberries 2024, March
Anonim

The ancient Babylonians and Indians knew about barberry. Inscriptions on clay tablets from 650 BC mention barberry berries as a blood purifier. Barberry juice replaces lemon juice. It is used as a valuable vitamin remedy. A decoction of the root helps with pneumonia, cough, fever, lowers body temperature, quenches thirst. Berries stimulate appetite, strengthen the stomach, lower blood pressure, strengthen the heart muscle, and improve blood circulation.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© ndrwfgg

Barberry, Latin - Bérberis.

A genus of shrubs from the Barberry family. It is characterized by a 6-leafed calyx, the same corolla, with two glands at each petal, 6 stamens, a sessile capitate stigma and a 2-, 3-, 4-, 9-seed berry.

The most common species is the common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), a branched shrub with tripartite spines, in the corners of which there are shortened twigs with bunches of obovate, along the edges of ciliate finely serrated leaves with short petioles.

Light yellow flowers with a heavy odor are collected in hanging brushes; stamens are sensitive to touch. It blooms in late spring. The berries are oblong, red.

It is bred in gardens and is found occasionally between shrubs to the north to St. Petersburg, as well as in southern and central Europe, Crimea, the Caucasus, Persia, Eastern Siberia, North America.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© ndrwfgg

Decorativeness

Most of the barberries are very decorative and are used in single or group plantings, hedges, and low-growing species - on rocky hills and in the form of borders.

The color of the leaves of varietal barberries is incredibly diverse and not only green. It can be yellow, purple, variegated (for example, green with bright white spots in the Kelleris variety or purple with white, pink and gray spots in the Harlequin variety), with a border (purple with a thin golden border in the Golden Ring variety). Moreover, among barberries there are giants and dwarfs, picking up a shrub of any height from 30 centimeters to three meters is not difficult.

Barberries are good not only as decorative deciduous plants, they also bloom unusually beautifully. Small flowers, similar to spherical bells, either singly or in inflorescences, literally completely cover the branches from mid-May. Their color is usually yellow, sometimes orange with the inclusion of reddish shades. In hot weather, the flowers exude a sweetish, tart aroma. Each petal bears two nectaries, emitting well-visible transparent droplets that attract insects. Moreover, barberries bloom and bear fruit profusely not only in the sun, but also in partial shade. Barberry is a wonderful honey plant. Along with linden, buckwheat, flower honey, there is also barberry honey.

Plants tolerate urban conditions well. They are unpretentious to soil conditions, drought-resistant, do not tolerate stagnant moisture at all, develop better in the light, but tolerate some shading.

In the garden, we pay attention not only to the color of the leaves and the height of the bush, its shape is very important. Often this is the main thing when designing landings. Dwarf barberries, as a rule, have a compact dense hemispherical crown shape. Tall barberries are most often spreading shrubs with drooping branches, although there is a very interesting group with erect, upright shoots among them, for example, green-leaved "Erecta" and purple-leaved "Red Pilar". You yourself can come up with a shape and size for the barberry, having achieved this with a haircut. They cut their hair perfectly, they make excellent shapes, for example, a spherical shape. Do not be afraid to cut your hair, this is a very interesting activity, and you can do it almost at any time of the year.

The autumn color of barberries, especially green-leaved, is charming, its leaves turn orange-purple, and purple-leaved barberries turn red and are also good in autumn, while yellow-leaved barberries practically do not change in autumn. After the leaves have fallen off, the bushes are decorated with scarlet berries for a long time, until spring. Birds do not eat them, although they are not poisonous.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© seeks2dream

Landing

To soils, baris are undemanding, grow best in bright and sunny places. In the shade, decorative-deciduous forms of barberry (colored, with spots and border) lose their color. The more light and sun, the brighter the foliage will be.

Container plants with a closed root system tolerate transplanting well throughout the season. Plants with bare roots can be planted in early spring, before bud break, or in autumn, after leaf fall begins.

When planting barberry alone, place it no closer than 1.5-2 m from other plants: in crowded conditions, the bush will lose proportions. If you want to make a hedge, with a dense planting - plant four plants per running meter, with a sparse planting - two. In this case, it is more convenient to dig a whole trench, rather than single holes. For a single planting, a pit 40x40x40 cm is enough.

It is important to properly prepare the substrate - at the same time light and nutritious. Usually they add humus, peat, sod land, but in general it all depends on the specific conditions of the site. Add lime or ash to acidic soil. If you add superphosphate, the plant will grow stronger, healthier and better endure the winter.

In the second year after planting, the plant can be fed with complex fertilizers. He will also need regular weeding, loosening and watering.

Sanitary pruning involves removing old and diseased branches.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© xerofito

Location

The unpretentiousness of barberries is amazing. They are absolutely undemanding to soils, are not afraid of strong winds, they tolerate drought well, and they can not stand only soldering. They are all light-requiring, but grow well in partial shade, although there are several features. In order to get the rich color of purple leaves, grow them in full sun; those bushes that grow in partial shade have a clear green color in the purple leaves.

There are very few yellow-leaved barberries. Everyone knows the Thunberg barberry "Aurea" of cold yellow color about a meter high. He burns in the sun, he needs a penumbra location. The relatively new yellow Bonanza Gold is not afraid of the sun, but it is shorter in stature.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© goforchris

Care

Top dressing is given starting from the second year after planting. In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied (20 - 30 g of urea per bucket of water). Then fertilized every 3 to 4 years. It is necessary to apply complex fertilizers with microelements, for example, kemiru universal. Water once a week. Frequent loosening and weeding is required. After planting, mulching is carried out. Pruning involves removing weak, poorly developed shoots annually. Old bushes are thinned out in the spring. When arranging hedges, pruning is carried out in the second year after planting, cutting from 1/2 to 2/3 of the aboveground part. Then, in subsequent years, pruning is carried out 2 times a year: in the first half of June and at the beginning of August. Low-growing forms of barberry can not be cut, they are well suited for dividing the garden area into zones.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© kafka4prez

Types and varieties

The barberry family is huge. But the most common are three types - common barberry, Thunberg and Ottawa.

Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris). In the conditions of the Moscow region, bushes of common barberry are frost-resistant, drought-resistant, undemanding to the soil. The three most interesting forms of common barberry:

  • Berberis vulgaris f. aureo-marginata - leaves with a golden border.
  • Berberis vulgaris f. atropurpurea - dark purple-purple leaves, bush up to 2.5 m high.
  • Berberis vulgaris f. alba-variegata - leaves with white spots and stripes.

There are forms with white and yellow fruits.

Barberry Thunberg (Berberis thunbergii). His homeland is the mountain slopes of China and Japan. It is a shrub up to one and a half meters tall with green leaves and arched shoots. Small hedges and curbs are made of it, dividing the site into zones, decorative groups are made from plants with different foliage colors, single plants are planted on a green lawn. Thunberg barberry is ideal for a Japanese garden. It is especially beautiful in autumn, when the foliage is colored yellow, orange, red, or rather purple. The Thunberg barberry has many decorative forms and varieties:

  • Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea - 1–1.5 m high, dark purple leaves.
  • Berberis thunbergii f. aurea - up to 1.5 m high, leaves are bright yellow, golden.
  • Berberis thunbergii 'Red Chief ' - sprawling, dark purple leaves.
  • Berberis thunbergii 'Red King' - compact, dark red leaves.
  • Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow' - leaves are pink-red-brown, with white "splashes" and strokes.

Ottawa barberry (Berberis ottawiensis). This species is rare in our country, but such a graceful two-meter bush will decorate any garden. The Ottawa inherited all the best from his parents - the Thunberg barberry and the common barberry. In autumn, its dark pink-purple leaves turn bright crimson and bright fruits that persist for a long time on the bushes look very impressive. Ottawa barberry on sale is usually represented by the following varieties:

  • Berberis ottawiensis 'Superba' is a tall (2.5-3 m) sprawling shrub with reddish leaves and yellow flowers with a red mark.
  • Berberis ottawiensis 'Auricoma' - up to 2–2.5 m high with bright red leaves that turn orange in autumn.
  • Berberis ottawiensis 'Purpurea' - bush up to 2 m high with leaves of a rich dark purple color; common in Europe.
Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© Drew Avery

Protection from pests and diseases

Barberry aphid: Leads to shriveled and dry leaves. Against it, in the spring, spraying is carried out with a solution of laundry soap (300 g of soap per 10 liters of water) or a tobacco solution (0.5 kg of tobacco is brewed with 10 liters of water with laundry soap dissolved in it).

The flower moth eats away at the fruit. When larvae appear, plants are treated with decis (0.05 - 0.1%) or chlorophos (0.1 - 0.3%).

Powdery mildew: The causative agent of the barberry powdery mildew is a mushroom. It is a highly specialized parasite, i.e. it affects only barberries. The disease manifests itself as a white powdery bloom both on the upper and lower sides of the leaves, as well as on the shoots and fruits. Plaque consists of mycelium and spores, which constantly re-infect young shoots and bushes. By autumn, small, black, fruiting bodies-clestothecia are formed on the mycelium, in which the fungus persists until spring.

Spraying is applied with a solution of colloidal sulfur (0.5%), sulfur-iavestkovy mixture or sulfur-lime broth (first time at the beginning of leaf blooming, then every 2-3 weeks). Severely affected shoots and leaves are removed and burned.

Rust: when using barberries in rural areas, it should be borne in mind that a number of species (common barberry, Siberian barberry and a number of others) are an intermediate host of rust fungus that infects cereals. For this reason, growing them near grain fields is unacceptable. In the spring, bright orange spots appear on the young leaves of the bushes on the upper side, and orange convex pads of ecia form on the lower side, in which a huge mass of spores matures, spreading to both wild and cultivated cereals. With a strong development of the disease, severe drying and leaf fall are possible.

Spraying with 1 - 1.5% solution of colloidal sulfur or 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid is effectively used (the first time after blooming the leaves, then twice every 20 days). Barberry of Thunberg is not affected by rust.

Leaf spots are represented by several pathogenic fungi. They all have a narrow specialization. On the leaves, spots of various shapes and colors are formed, the leaves dry out prematurely and fall off. At the same time, the decorative effect of the bushes is lost, biochemical processes are disrupted, the shoots ripen poorly, as a result of which they can freeze in winter.

Copper oxychloride is used (30–40 g per 10 l), 2 treatments, before and after flowering; and also Abigapik (40-50 g per 10 liters), - 2 treatments.

The wilting of barberry is manifested by wilting of leaves and drying of individual shoots, first on one side of the bush, gradually spreading to the entire plant. On the sections of the branches, brown vascular rings are visible. The causative agent is a fungus from the genus Fusarium, and the disease can rightfully be called tracheomycotic wilting, since the infection from the soil enters the roots, causes decay, and then spreads through the vessels to the shoots.

Separately, it should be noted the drying of shoots, in which fungi-pathogens (there are more than 14 species described), develop both under the bark and on its surface. The bushes dry up, leaves fall and individual branches die off, but this is not associated with damage to the vascular system, but is explained by the drying out of the bark. In this case, timely pruning of diseased shoots can stop the further spread of the disease.

The bacteriosis of barberry is caused by a bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas. These bacteria cause bacterial cancer with characteristic cracks, cancers and shoot outgrowths. Initially, dark, watery, small (2–5 mm), angular spots are formed on the leaves, petioles and young shoots, which eventually acquire a dark purple color. Leaves of all ages are affected, and with a strong manifestation of bacteriosis, they quickly fall off. On the branches, the spots acquire an oblong shape, crack, swellings and bursts of brown color are formed, but bacteriosis does not appear on flowers and berries.

Preparation for winter: Barberry Thunberg "Aurea" in the first 2 - 3 years, like other varieties, are covered for the winter with spruce branches, dry leaves or peat.

Barberry (Berberis)
Barberry (Berberis)

© Tim Green aka atoach

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