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Video: About Frost-resistant Grapes
2024 Author: Ava Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 00:23
If I had started my summer cottage business all over again, and if 30 years ago it would have been easier with summer cottage construction, which took a lot of time and effort, distracting me from gardening, I would seriously take up viticulture. It is now possible to very quickly obtain any necessary information about the cultivation of any horticultural crop, as well as buy any necessary seeds or seedlings (via the Internet, of course). It was more complicated then. Thanks to the younger generation (my son and his friends), three grape bushes still grew on my site. At first I looked at them as a decorative vine: they give shade on the porch and it is good. Then I looked - several bunches of grapes were born on the branches. “How good, - I think, - the grandchildren will have something to feast on (in addition to our traditional berries - cherries, currants, plums, raspberries, etc.)”. And then the son mastered the grape pruning technology with the help of the Internet. And a miracle happened: three vines disfigured so many grapes that it was enough for both food and wine. And homemade wine, as Botanichka's readers already know, I love making. A little experience in growing my first three grape bushes convinced me that viticulture is much more interesting than growing berry bushes traditional for the Tver region - raspberries, currants, gooseberries, etc. And not only more interesting, but also more productive.than the cultivation of berry bushes traditional for the Tver region - raspberries, currants, gooseberries, etc. And not only more interesting, but also more productive.than cultivation of berry bushes, traditional for the Tver region, in the garden - raspberries, currants, gooseberries, etc. And not only more interesting, but also more productive.
On the Internet, I found out that more and more amateur gardeners are now engaged in the cultivation of winter-hardy grapes. It turns out that philosophers are truly right: ideas and insights come to many people at the same time. I got a special impression from the statements of gardeners about growing winter-hardy grape varieties:
- “On my site there are vines like weeds”;
- "This year the summer was unfavorable, but I collected a ton of winter-hardy grapes."
Doubt could have arisen if one lady had not invited to her site to visit (next door). On the site, an arched terrace led from the house to the river, all entwined with vines, which were literally strewn with bunches of grapes. Knowing the mistress's indifference to agriculture and to the gifts of nature, it was easy to assume that this grape had not seen the master's affection for a long time, in recent years it grew by itself and played only the role of an ornamental shrub (rather thickened). Nevertheless, there were 300 kilograms of berries on it. When I learned about winter-hardy grape varieties that can withstand frosts down to -32 ° C degrees, my sympathy for this culture was finally confirmed.
It is believed that winter-hardy grape varieties require much less effort to care for them, which is why they are increasingly popular with gardeners in central Russia and Siberia. They are successfully used, as the fastest growing, for landscaping the site (especially gazebos, verandas, walls of houses, hedges), and as table varieties for making wine, juices, compotes or fresh consumption. Experienced wine growers will tell you that winter-hardy grape varieties have a "high degree of fruiting." However, this positive property of them leads to overloading of the bushes and, as a result, the quality of the harvest may decrease, the berries ripen poorly, and the winter hardiness of the bushes is weakening. With a high yield, the grapes direct nutrients to the full ripening of the berries, but they do not remain to strengthen new shoots, and they develop poorly. At the same time, the roots do not store the required amount of nutrients, so the bush is depleted and may die.
The so-called rationing of the crop lightens the load on the bush. For this, it is recommended to prune in early spring. In winter, due to freezing or drying, part of the buds may die, so in the spring you need to carefully examine the vine in order to detect dead eyes and, based on this, prune. Many recommend pruning grapes in the fall, and then remove the vine from the supports, wrap it with "breathing" covering material, lay it on the ground, cover it with fallen leaves, and in winter it is advisable to cover it with snow. You can often read that if you take care of sheltering your grape pets for the winter, the vines will thank you. Isn't that why Siberians are so happy about snowy winters? There is a lot of snow in Siberia, and snow is warm and clean, the absence of an infectious background. The bushes are clean, without signs of fungal diseases. Experienced growers say that grapes can withstand even severe frosts, but only if they are well covered with snow. It is believed that a 10 centimeter layer of snow gives plants 10 degrees of heat.
In any case, even after severe frosts, there is hope of success, because winter-hardy grape varieties have great substitution power. Each underground bud located on the trunk has many others - small, sleeping ones. These are leaf buds that are more hardy than fruit buds and can survive underground for several years. Experts know that under each bud of the vine there is a diaphragm, which contains the embryos of future roots. They consider the vine to be the most frost-resistant part of the plant, capable of withstanding frosts down to minus 20 degrees. Even if the roots are frozen, you can always grow a new vine bush from the vine. That is why you can safely give winter-hardy grape varieties a place in your garden.
I would like to inform Botanichka's readers about those grape varieties that I have looked after and will order.
Crystal
This is a grape variety of European-Amur origin, with medium vigor, very early ripening (up to 115 days). Bunches of medium size, weighing 200-300 grams, moderately dense. The berries are medium, weighing 2-4 grams, slightly oval, white. The pulp is juicy, the skin is strong, sugar content is 18-19%. Ripening of shoots is very good (90 -100%). Load-50 eyes per bush, with the length of pruning fruit vines for 3 - 4 eyes. It is important to know that when the bush is thickened, the ovary shatters, as a result of which the clusters become frail, the yield falls. Therefore, high-quality pruning and rationing of the crop is necessary. The harvest is preserved on the bushes for almost the entire season. The variety is resistant to frost (-29 ° C), mildew, powdery mildew, gray rot is not damaged. It is used to prepare dry table wines and Heris wines.
Marinovsky
The variety was bred as a result of crossing the North and Muscat Hamburg varieties. Its bushes are vigorous, the Marinovsky variety belongs to the medium-late ripening wine varieties. The bunch is large, with an average weight of 280-300 grams. Berry 12 x 14 mm, slightly oval, dark blue. The peel is firm, the pulp is juicy, sugar content is 24%. It is used for the preparation of juices, excellent dry wines, as well as for fresh consumption.
Isabel
The variety came to Russia from North America and is a natural hybrid between the Lambrusca and Winnifer species. Refers to technical varieties of medium-late ripening. The bushes are vigorous, the shoots ripen well. Bunches are small, slightly conical, almost cylindrical, loose. The berries are medium, round or slightly oval, black with a bluish tinge, with a peculiar strawberry flavor. Differs in increased resistance to frost, fungal diseases and phylloxera. The variety is interesting for decorative purposes: design of gazebos, arches, etc.; ripens well, takes root easily. The load on the bush depends on the shape and power of the bush. Pruning vines for fruiting 6-8 eyes. The winter hardiness of the variety is high (-32 ° C). Resistant to mildew and gray rot, poorly protected from powdery mildew.
Riesling
A complex interspecific hybrid of grapes for technical use, German selection (Heisenheim), medium ripening period (130-135 days). Growth vigor is average or above average. Ripening of shoots is good. Bunches are cylindro-conical, medium size, weighing 120-150 g, medium density. The berries are medium, weighing about 1.4 g, rounded, white, in the sun with a pink color. The pulp is juicy, the skin is thin, strong. Fruitful shoots up to 95%, good fruiting. The load is 60 eyes per bush with a length of pruning of fruit vines for 3-4 eyes. Well compatible with rootstocks. Fruits well, prone to crop overload, but still requires regulation of the load on the berry harvest. Resistance to frost -26 ° C, more or less resistant to mildew, oidium, phylloxera, resistant to gray rot. Distributed in Germany, USA, Canada, New Zealand. Used for the preparation of dry table wines.
Alpha
Hybrid (Vitis Labruska x Vitis Riparia), bred at the Far Eastern station of VIR. Refers to technical varieties of medium ripening. The growth of the bushes is strong. The bunch is medium, weighing 150-180 g, cylindrical, of medium density. The berry is medium (diameter 16-17mm), round, black, with an isabelle flavor. The skin is easily separated from the pulp. The berries ripen in early September. A very productive variety. The number of clusters per fruitful shoot is 3-4. The ripening of the shoots is very good. Possesses excellent rooting. Due to its high frost resistance, the variety is included in the standard assortment of the Primorsky Territory, as well as other regions of northern viticulture. The variety has full disease resistance. Alpha is used for landscaping houses, gazebos, hedges and sheds (considered the best variety for decorative purposes),and most importantly - for the preparation of dry wines.
PS In conclusion, it seems appropriate to give a list of some non-covering and conditionally covering grape varieties recommended for cultivation in not very favorable climatic zones of Russia.
- Non-covering grape varieties a. There are a lot of them, here are just a few of them: Alpha, Amethyst, Amur Potapenko, Amur Triumph, Amur Breakthrough, Valiant, Golubok, Isabella, Crystal, Kay Gray, Londo Noir, Lydia, Lyubava, Lucille, Marinovsky, Mure Erly, Saperavi northern, Seneca, Triumph, Winchel, Extra and others. Non-covering varieties are able to withstand frosts with temperatures of minus 28 degrees, and some - up to minus 32 degrees.
- Conditionally covering varieties: Agate Donskoy, Adel, Aleshenkin, Pineapple early, Arctic, Armalaga, Balabanovsky, Grif, Far Eastern Novikova, Nezhny, Korinka Russian, Krasa Severa, Liepajas dzintars, Olesya Far Eastern, Pamyat Dombkovskaya, Rosy, Rogemachordy Samantha, Taezhny, Tsiravas Agraa, Juodupe, etc.
My friends, as you can see, there is something to choose and buy - whole plants in pots, or at least cuttings. So, go for it, grow grapes on your plots, success to you!
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