Plum. Make No Mistake With The Choice Of The Variety

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Plum. Make No Mistake With The Choice Of The Variety
Plum. Make No Mistake With The Choice Of The Variety

Video: Plum. Make No Mistake With The Choice Of The Variety

Video: Plum. Make No Mistake With The Choice Of The Variety
Video: Making better choices with the Eatwell Guide 2024, March
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Most gardeners in their summer cottages planted several plum trees. But they often complain that there is no harvest at all or it is extremely low. Why? See what varieties you are growing. These are, basically, Skorospelka red, Tula black, Hungarian Moscow, that is, varieties of folk selection. Now, new varieties of plum have been developed, which are distinguished not only by high yield, but also by early maturity, high taste of fruits.

From the type of home plum it is:

  • Morning, Opal, collective farm Renklod - early ripening;
  • Blue gift, Amusing, Sukhanovskaya - medium term;
  • Renklode Tambov, Memory of Timiryazev - later;
Plum fruit, Opal variety
Plum fruit, Opal variety

The varieties derived from the Chinese and American plums are Skoroplodnaya and Red Ball. Varieties of a new original species Russian plum (hybrid cherry plum):

  • early ripening - Early pink. Kuban comet;
  • medium term - elite form 8-14, Vetraz;
  • later - Mara.

The reader may wonder: are there not many varieties on offer? The answer is that the varieties offered are not ideal and, having their own advantages and disadvantages, respectively complement each other. Varietal and species diversity also contributes to more regular fruiting and less development of pests and diseases. If the plot is small, then in order to avoid "conflict" with other garden crops, the above varieties can be grown as grafts in the crown of 4-5 winter-hardy plum trees (Tenkovskaya dove, Rakitovskaya, Tatarskaya dessert, Skorospelka red, etc.). Descriptions of these varieties are given below.

Plum home

Morning

Authors: Kh. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.

Obtained from crossing the local variety Skorospelka red and the Western European (French) variety Renklod Ulensa. Flower buds and trees themselves are not hardy, but the latter recover well after freezing. Relatively resistant to disease. It blooms on May 12-20. Fast-growing - in the 4th year after planting, it gives up to 22 kg of fruits from a tree. Highly self-fertile. It bears poor fruit after winters with severe frosts, after a thaw, but various spring stresses do not affect productivity. Fruits are large, with an average weight of 26 g, maximum - 32 g, greenish-yellow, oval, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. Ripen on August 4-11. The stone is free, accounting for 6.5% of the fruit weight. The fruits are good both fresh and for various types of processing, including freezing. In 2001 he was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements,approved for use in the Central region of Russia.

Blooming plum
Blooming plum

Opal

Swedish variety. Trees 2.5-3 m high, with a rounded compact crown, low winter hardiness, but recover very well after freezing. It blooms on May 12-20, early-growing - in the 4th year after planting, it gives up to 21 kg of fruits from a tree. Fruiting is not stable enough (7 crop failures out of 16 years) due to severe freezing during frosts below -30 ° C, but after 1-2 years the yield is restored. Resistant to disease.

Fruits are of early ripening (August 2-10), sweet and sour harmonious taste, with an average weight of 15 g. The stone is free, accounting for 4.7% of the fruit weight. The variety is self-fertile, universal. It is recommended to use it in summer cottages of the central and southern regions of the Non-Black Earth Region in the form of grafts in the crowns of winter-hardy plum trees, or to grow it as a root crop.

Kolkhoz renklode

Author: I. V. Michurin.

Obtained from crossing the southern variety Renklod green with thorny. Trees 2.5-3 m high, with a rounded crown, medium winter hardiness. The winter hardiness of flower buds is above average, which makes it possible to grow this variety in the northern regions of the Moscow region, as well as to use it with great success as a pollinator for other varieties of home plums. It begins fruiting early (in the 3rd year after planting, the yield reaches 5 kg of fruits per tree). The variety is self-fertile and needs pollinators. Average yield 8 kg per tree. Fruiting breaks are mainly due to cold and rainy weather during flowering.

Fruits weighing about 17 g, roundish, greenish-yellow. The pulp is juicy, good sweet and sour taste. The bone does not lag behind the pulp and makes up 6.5% of the fruit weight. Early ripening, August 10-18. The fruits are mainly used fresh.

Plum Renclode
Plum Renclode

Blue gift

Authors: Kh. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.

Obtained from crossing the local variety Ochakovskaya black and the variety Pamyat Timiryazeva. The height of the tree is up to 3 m. The winter hardiness of flower buds is above average, the tree is average. It blooms on May 13-18. Fast-growing, in the 3rd year after planting it gives 8 kg of fruits per tree. The average yield for 16 years is 14 kg. Fruiting relatively regularly - only 4 crop failures were recorded in 16 years. The fruits ripen together - August 16-24. Their average weight is 14 g, the maximum is 17 g. They are oval, dark purple. Fresh tasting score 3.8 points, processed - 4, 3 points. The stone is 7.1% of the fruit weight, it lags behind the pulp satisfactorily. The variety is highly self-fertile. In 2001, it was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted to Use in the Central Region of Russia.

Amusing

Authors: Kh. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.

Obtained from crossing the Michurin variety Renklod kolkhozny and the southern variety Victoria. The winter hardiness of flower buds is lower than that of the Blue Gift, but higher than that of Morning. Bushy trees, 2.5-3 m high, recover well after freezing. Leaf diseases are weakly affected. The variety is very early-growing - in the 3rd year after planting, it gives up to 20 kg of fruits from a tree. Self-fertile, but still bears fruit relatively regularly (3 crop failures out of 16 years), the average yield is 14 kg of fruits per tree. The best pollinators for Zanyatnaya are Hungarian Moscow, Memory of Timiryazev. Fruits with an average weight of 16 g, maximum - 22 g, outwardly unattractive, green with a faint purple-orange tint, oval in shape. Tasting score 4.1 points. They are good both fresh and processed. The stone lags well behind the pulp, accounting for 3.7% of the fruit weight. The variety has been submitted to the State Variety Testing for the Central Region.

Young plum tree
Young plum tree

Sukhanovskaya

Authors: H. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.

Obtained by crossing the varieties Skorospelka red and Renklod green. Trees up to 3 m high, with a rounded compact crown. The winter hardiness of flower buds and trees is average. It blooms on May 13-20. It begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year after planting and gives 8 kg of fruit per tree. The average yield is 10 kg of fruits per tree. Self-infertile, the best pollinators are Vengerka Moskovskaya, Pamyat Timiryazeva, Renklod kolkhozny and other simultaneously flowering varieties of home plums. Rounded, violet-red fruits with an average weight of 21 g, good taste, ripen in the third decade of August. The stone is medium, well behind the pulp. A variety of universal use In 2001 it was included in the State Register.

Renklode Tambovsky

Authors: H. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.

Obtained from crossing Red Skorospelka with Green Renklode. A tree up to 4 m high, with a slightly drooping, rounded crown. Its winter hardiness is average, flower buds are above average. The variety is early-growing - in the 3rd year after planting, it gives up to 8 kg of fruits from a tree. Self-infertile. The best pollinators are Hungarian Moscow, Renklod collective farm. The average yield is 8 kg of fruits per tree, the maximum is up to 35 kg.

Fruits are round, medium, weighing 16-20 g, purple, with a thick bloom. The pulp is firm, sweet with sourness. The stone lags well behind the pulp and accounts for 8.7% of the fruit weight. The fruits are resistant to rot; stored at room temperature for more than a week, and in the refrigerator (2-5 ° C) - up to 2.5 months, ripen in the 1st decade of September, for universal use. Due to the severe damage to the tree trunk by sunburn, it must be whitewashed. It works better with stem or skeleton formers.

Memory of Timiryazev

Authors: Kh. K. Enikeev, V. A. Efimov.

Obtained from crossing Victoria and Skorospelka red. A tree up to 3 m high with a rounded drooping crown. The winter hardiness of flower buds and the trees themselves is average, although the latter recover well after freezing. The trees are early-growing - in the 3rd year after planting, they yield up to 11 kg of fruits per tree (individual two-year-old seedlings already bring up to 1.5 kg in the nursery). The variety is highly self-fertile, bears fruit normally in years with abiotic stresses in the spring. Breaks in fruiting occur due to strong freezing of flower buds during prolonged frosts -33-35 ° C and sudden temperature changes. The average yield is 8 kg of fruits per tree, the maximum is up to 35 kg. Fruits are ovoid, medium in size (18-22 g), yellowish with a beautiful red blush. The pulp is sweet, with a little acid.

Mature plum tree
Mature plum tree

Early

Authors: H. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.

The variety originated from pollination of the flowers of the Sino-American hybrid plum with the pollen of the Ussuriyskaya red. The tree is small, up to 2.5 m high, with a rounded spreading crown. Skeletal branches are densely covered with fruit twigs, and annual shoots are covered with fruit buds. Shoots are shiny, red-brown, the leaves are elongated, light green, peach-shaped. The tree and fruit buds are relatively hardy. Begins fruiting in the 2nd year after planting. The variety is self-fertile, the best pollinators are Red Ball and varieties of hybrid cherry plum. Fruits ripen in the 2nd decade of August, medium size (20-25 g), round, bright red with a slight bloom. The pulp is yellow, juicy with a pleasant aroma, sweet and sour. The bone is small, semi-lagging. Suitable for growing in the northern regions of the Moscow region.

Hybrid cherry plum (Russian plum)

A new culture, and a few words about it. Probably, you can predict in advance the reaction of an inexperienced gardener: "She has no place in my garden, since her fruits are small and sour." The characteristics of varieties of hybrid cherry plum will force to change this opinion. In addition, most of them are much weaker or not at all affected by many diseases and are not damaged by pests characteristic of home plums; they ripen earlier than common plums, thereby filling the break in fruit consumption after the cherry has passed away and the plum that has not yet ripened.

Early pink

Author O. S. Zhukov.

The trees are highly winter-hardy; they have shown themselves well in terms of winter hardiness in the cold poles of the Tula and Ryazan regions. The variety is relatively resistant to fruit rot and aphids. Fast-growing and fruitful. Fruits of a very early ripening period (removable maturity occurs at the end of July) with an average weight of 15 g, roundish, yellowish-red. The pulp is juicy, sour-sweet, with an original aroma.

Plum tree
Plum tree

The stone is small, semi-lagging from the pulp, making up 4% of the fruit weight. The variety is recommended for testing throughout the Moscow region and for further breeding improvement of culture.

Kuban comet

Bred at the Crimean experimental breeding station of VNIIR by breeders G. V. Eremin and S. N. Zabrodina from crossing the Chinese-American plum Skoroplodnaya with cherry plum Pionerka. The tree is bushy, weakly growing (2.5-3 m high). In the conditions of the Moscow region, it is moderately winter-resistant, with excellent regenerative abilities. The winter hardiness of flower buds is below average, but even in years of strong freezing there is a good harvest. Flowers endure spring frosts. The variety is resistant to aphids, partially self-fertile. Average yield - 8 kg of fruits per tree, maximum - 18 kg per tree. Depending on the yield, the weight of the fruits varies from 24 to 30 g, their shape is ovoid. The skin is slightly waxy, burgundy. The pulp is yellow, fibrous, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, "full". The stone, half-lagging from the pulp, is 4.2% of the fruit weight. Maturation occurs in late July - early August. The variety is best cultivated in the southern and central regions of the Moscow region.

When pruning the Kuban comet, overgrowing branches are not removed, especially on the trunk and the main skeletal branches.

Plum home
Plum home

Plants of the Russian plum of the above varieties are better adapted to the conditions of the southern and central regions of the Moscow region. When laying a garden, preference is given to self-rooted seedlings, they are planted in elevated places, on the slopes of the southern and southwestern exposure, rather gentle and well protected from cold winds, but ventilated. The groundwater level at the site should be deeper than 1.5 m, the soil should be moderately moist, well cultivated, humus, neutral.

I would also like to share my vaccination experience. The easiest way is bark grafting. In the garden, you should choose an unnecessary old tree, without frost cracks and burns and with light wood, and on it one or three main skeletal branches extending from the trunk at the most obtuse angle, and cut them off with a pruner or file, stepping back from the branch 10-15 cm, cut clean it with a sharp garden knife and make a grafting knife a longitudinal incision in the bark to the wood from the edge of the cut 2.5-3 cm long. With the back of the knife slightly bend one of the edges of the bark and insert a piece of cutting with 2-4 under the bent edge with an oblique cut to wood of identical length knots. Plant in this way, depending on the thickness of the hemp (1.5-5 cm), 2-5 cuttings. Then wrap the grafting site with foil, and cover the unwrapped parts of the cuts with garden pitch. The grafting should be done during the active growth of the shoots, when the bark lags well behind the wood (2nd decade of May - 1st decade of June).

Author: Vladimir Sergeevich Simonov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Breeding Department of VSTISP, (Moscow)

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