Six Types Of Forsythia. Forsythia. Species, Cultivation, Care, Reproduction. Photo

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Six Types Of Forsythia. Forsythia. Species, Cultivation, Care, Reproduction. Photo
Six Types Of Forsythia. Forsythia. Species, Cultivation, Care, Reproduction. Photo
Anonim

Early spring, buds are just beginning to swell on trees and shrubs, and forsythia is already covered with golden yellow flowers, although its leaves have not yet blossomed. In central Russia, this shrub begins to bloom in April-May, and in the southern regions - in February-March. Bright spots of blooming forsythia enliven the landscape unusually. The leaves are also decorative - rather large, bright or dark green, smooth, "cool", they retain their juicy color until late autumn and fall off only in late October - early November. The very shape of the bush is beautiful - the shoots bend and droop in an arc-like manner.

Forsythia, or Forsythia, or Forsythia
Forsythia, or Forsythia, or Forsythia

Forsythia is widespread in North America and Western Europe. In our country, she decorates gardens and parks in many regions of Central Asia, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, in Moldova, in the Ukraine, in the Baltic states, in the central regions of the Non-Black Earth Region, Moscow and Leningrad, and still remains a rare guest on household plots.

Content:

  • Types of forsythia
  • Reproduction of forsythia

Types of forsythia

There are 6 known species of the genus Forsythia, named after the English gardener Forzit, who lived in the second half of the 18th century.

Forsythia (Forsythia) European
Forsythia (Forsythia) European

European forsythia is a shrub reaching 2-3 m in height, with a narrow ovoid crown. The leaves are bright green in color, oppositely arranged, like all forsythia. The flowers are bright yellow, 1-3 in leaf axils, drooping, bell-shaped, up to 2 cm long, on short curved pedicels. The shrub is very showy, although it is considered less decorative than other types of forsythia. It is the only forsythia found naturally in Europe and is one of the most winter-hardy. In the conditions of Moscow and Leningrad, it blooms and bears fruit annually.

Forsythia (Forsythia) Giralda
Forsythia (Forsythia) Giralda

Forsythia Giralda comes from Northern China. In appearance it resembles a European one. Leaves are elliptical or oblong-elliptical, long-pointed at the top, dark green above and pale below. The flowers of forsythia giralda, as in the previous species, are golden yellow, on short stalks, not very large, abundantly cover the shoots. In terms of winter hardiness, it is close to European.

Forsythia (Forsythia) oval-leaved, or ovoid
Forsythia (Forsythia) oval-leaved, or ovoid

Forsythia ovate is a shrub with spreading branches, 1.5 m high. It grows in nature on the Korean Peninsula. Leaves are bright green, broadly ovate, 5-7 cm long, sharply pointed at the top. One of the earliest blooming forsythia species. Forsythia flowers are ovoid, bright yellow, on short pedicels, with wide oblong petals. This is the most stable species for the central and northern regions of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Forsythia (Forsythia) greenest
Forsythia (Forsythia) greenest

The greenest forsythia is a powerful shrub with vertically directed shoots. In nature, it grows on the mountain slopes of Central and Eastern China. The leaves of the greenest forsythia are dark green, oblong, rather large. The flowers are bright yellow with a greenish tinge, 1-3 in the leaf axils, the corolla petals are wide, the flower length is 2.5 cm. This species only tolerates the climate of the southern and southwestern regions of the USSR well, and it freezes and blooms to the north not every year.

Forsythia (Formaytia) drooping, or crying
Forsythia (Formaytia) drooping, or crying

Forsythia drooping, or Forsythia weeping is a powerful shrub up to 3 m high, in nature it is found on the slopes of mountains in North and Central China. This species is most appreciated in Western Europe as one of the most beautiful. We can only grow in the southern regions - Moldova, Western Ukraine, Crimea and the Caucasus. Large dark green leaves of forsythia drooping in autumn are painted in yellow and purple tones. Golden yellow flowers are arranged in 1-3, sometimes 6 in a bunch. Corolla tube with orange stripes inside, flowers 2.5 cm long. There are several varieties of drooping forsythia (hanging).

Forsythia (Forsythia) medium, or hybrid, or intermediate
Forsythia (Forsythia) medium, or hybrid, or intermediate

Forsythia average - garden hybrid of green and hanging forsythia. Powerful, tall shrub 3 m high, with straight and slightly hanging shoots. Leaves of forsythia medium are rather large, ovate-oblong, on strong growth shoots, sometimes tripartite, often with a transition from whole to tripartite. The flowers are bright yellow, several in a bunch.

Many forms of this garden hybrid are known. Some of them are quite winter-hardy and withstand the climate of the central and northern regions of the Non-Black Earth Zone.

Forsythia, or Forsythia
Forsythia, or Forsythia

Reproduction of forsythia

Forsythia is propagated by seeds, layering, winter and summer cuttings.

In October, capsule fruits ripen, which slightly crack, and you can see winged seeds in them. Sowing forsythia is carried out in the spring, in March-April, in pots or boxes with soil. Seedlings appear in 3-6 weeks, germination rate is 35-50%. In the first year of life, seedlings reach a height of 2-8 cm, in the second - 12-30 cm, in the third year - 60-90 cm. From boxes, forsythia seedlings dive into the ridges in the second or even the first year of their life, and there they winter satisfactorily when the soil is covered with a layer of leaves of 15-20 cm. The first time they bloom at the age of 4-6 years.

For vegetative propagation, cuttings are harvested in winter and kept moist in a cold basement. However, in the middle lane, forsythia is most often propagated by summer cuttings. To do this, choose vegetative growth shoots with not very long internodes. The best time for cuttings is June - early July. Forsythia cuttings are cut with 1-2 internodes at a distance of 0.5-1 cm from the node, the lower leaves are removed, the upper ones are cut in half. For better and faster rooting, the cuttings are placed for 5-6 hours in an aqueous solution of heteroauxin.

They are rooted in river sand at a distance of 5-7 cm from each other, deepening the cuttings by 2-4 cm. Forsythia can be cut in film greenhouses, which many gardeners have on their site. In hot weather, the greenhouses must be ventilated and water the cuttings 4-5 times a day. In cool weather, watering twice a day is sufficient. 4-5 weeks after propagation, 70-100% of forsythia cuttings develop roots. In the first year, the plants are left in the ground in a greenhouse, they are covered for the winter with a leaf and spruce branches. In the second year, forsythia can be planted on the ridges, and in the third or fourth year - in a permanent place where many plants bloom in the same year.

Forsythia, or Forsythia
Forsythia, or Forsythia

In conclusion, I would like to remind once again that forsythia came to us from rather warm places and even the most winter-hardy of them can suffer in severe winters - part of the annual growth or flower buds die if they turn out to be above the level of snow cover. However, the extraordinary decorative qualities of these shrubs are worth patiently waiting for the next, more favorable year and again to see forsythia in lush bloom.

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