Flowers And Ornamental Plants. Annuals, Biennials. Description, Cultivation, Care. A Photo

2023 Author: Ava Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-11-27 07:13

Annuals. Biennials

Part 1. How to place flowers. Plot: selection of plants, planting.
Part 2. Heat, water, light food. Care. Reproduction.
Part 3. Annuals. Biennials.
Part 4. Perennials.
Part 5. Ornamental shrubs.

Annuals

Annuals, or annuals, these plants are called because they live only one year. Many of them require a long period of development, so they are grown as seedlings. Many annuals bloom all summer - this includes petunia, tobacco. In other annuals, seeds are sown directly into the ground - calendula, cosmeya, cornflower, nasturtium.

Basically, annuals reproduce by seeds. Terry varieties of nasturtium and petunia seeds are not tied. They are propagated by cuttings.

Letniki look beautiful on flower beds and ridges. Among them are plants with fragrant flowers. Sweet peas, mignonette, alissum, levkoy - they will not only decorate the garden plot, but also fill it with a unique aroma.

Alissum

The plant, undemanding to heat and soil, can tolerate frost and drought, grows well in shady places.

In early April, alissum seeds are sown in boxes, and in May they are transplanted into open ground to a permanent place with a distance between plants of 15-20 cm. The plant will bloom until the very frost. You just need to loosen the soil in time, weed the weeds and feed it.

Alyssum marine varieties - with white and purple flowers, with a honey aroma.

Aster

The annual aster is one of the most popular plants. Such asters reproduce only by seeds. Plants are divided into three groups by height. High - 50-80 cm, medium - 30-50 cm, low - up to 30 cm.

In order for asters to bloom early, they are grown in a greenhouse or in a box. Seeds are sown in mid-March. For sowing, use only fresh soil (unused). Take 3 parts of sod land, 1 part of sand and 1 part of well-weathered peat. After the soil has been well watered, the river or well-washed coarse sand is poured on top with a layer of 1.5-2 cm.

Seeds germinate at a temperature of 20-22 °. Seedlings appear in about a week. For 1 m2 of a box, you need 5-6 g of seeds. After sowing, the boxes are sprinkled with sand with a layer of 0.5 cm and watered from a watering can with a fine strainer. The boxes need to be covered with foil to keep the moisture even. When seedlings appear, the temperature should be 15-16 ° C, at night it is better to lower the temperature to 4 ° C. Seedlings need to be watered well, but rarely, the soil should not be waterlogged. If a disease appears - a black leg, then the plants are watered with water, to which potassium permanganate is added to a saturated pink color.

When the seedlings get stronger, they feed it. Seedlings dive when they have 1-2 true leaves. Approximately 7-10 days after rooting, the seedlings are fed with mullein infusion: 0.5 liters per bucket of water. Seedlings are usually fed twice.

It is impossible to grow an aster in one place for several years in a row, since it will be strongly affected by fusarium. In the middle zone of our country, seedlings are usually planted in mid-May. Low varieties are planted with a distance of 20X20 cm, medium - 25X25 cm, high - 30X30 cm.

After planting, the seedlings are watered (about 0.5 liters of water per plant), then the soil is loosened and dry soil or weathered peat is poured onto the roots so that a crust does not form.

You can feed asters with organic fertilizers on soils where there is an insufficient humus content. On fertile soils, they are fed with infusion of bird droppings.

You can sow asters in the ground and with seeds. Such plants will be more resistant to bad weather

As soon as the soil is ripe, you can sow asters. Seeds are sown on the ridge in grooves of 1.5-2 cm, after sowing the ridge is watered from a watering can with a fine strainer. Then the crops are mulched with humus or fertile soil, the grooves are not closed. The ridges are watered only in windy, dry weather 1-2 times in 10-12 days.

You can sow asters before winter. Seeds are sown in prepared ridges with grooves 2 cm deep (in the second half of November). Sowing is mulched with humus with a layer of 2-2.5 cm, weathered peat, which are stored in a non-freezing room. The width of the layer is 5 cm. In the spring, without waiting for shoots, focusing on the mulching layer, you can loosen the row spacing.

Seedlings are thinned out when the first true leaf appears. On poor light soils, asters are fed with mullein. Before feeding, the area is watered. The area should be evenly moisturized. Weeds must be removed on time. Asters loosen only 2-3 cm near the plants, their root system is located close to the soil. In the row spacing, the depth is 5-7 cm.

In the fall, asters can be transplanted into flower pots, and they will delight with their flowering for a long time.

Calendula

This unpretentious plant likes to grow in sunny places where the soil is well fertilized and moist

Propagated by seeds that can be sown in the ground in autumn or spring and self-sowing. To get seedlings, seeds are sown in April, at the end of May they are planted in the ground, the distance between plants is 15-30 cm (depending on the variety).

The color of flowers is from yellow to orange, from simple to densely double.

It blooms in 45-50 days, flowering lasts from late June until frost

The seeds are harvested from calendula when they turn yellow and brown.

Nasturtium

Nasturtium loves light, grows well on soils without fertilizers, containing a large amount of nitrogen. Nasturtium is propagated by seeds, which ripen in August - September.

At the beginning of May, nasturtium seeds are sown in the ground, shoots will appear in 12 days, the plant will bloom in 45-50 days. When the plant has two or three true leaves, the seedlings need to be thinned out. For climbing varieties, a large feeding area is needed 70 X 35 cm, for bush varieties - 70X 20 cm, or 35X 40 cm.

Nasturtium varieties differ in plant height, leaf and flower color. By "growth" they are divided into bush 20-30 cm high, climbing - 2-4 m length of the lash. Leaves can be light green, green, dark green. They are large, medium and small. Flower color from pink on a cream background to maroon, almost black and dark brown, from cream to dark yellow. Flowers can be simple or double.

Nasturtium does not tolerate high and low temperatures.

Marigold

Marigolds, or tagetes can be non-double (simple), semi-double and terry. Most often, marigolds come in two colors - red with a yellow border, yellow or orange with a brown spot.

Marigolds love warmth and light, but they are undemanding to the soil, they can tolerate drought and excess moisture.

Better to grow them by seedlings. Seeds are sown in April, then the seedlings dive, as they quickly stretch out from lack of light. They are planted in the ground at the end of May - in June. High varieties - 30-50 cm between plants, low - 20-25 cm.

You can sow marigolds immediately in open ground - they bloom, depending on the variety, after 45-70 days.

Sweet pea

Sweet peas are the most popular and common among annuals.

The soil for sweet peas is prepared in autumn. Lime (0.2 kg per 1 m2), organic fertilizers or peat (1 kg per 1 m2) are introduced, and sand (6 kg per 1 m2) is also added on heavy clay soils. Then the soil is dug up.

Sweet peas love light and are not afraid of frost. He especially loves moderate temperatures. At low temperatures and with sharp fluctuations in sweet peas, flowers and buds fall off

You can also grow a plant by seedlings or immediately sow seeds into the ground. For seedlings, seeds are sown in late March - early April. Water the plants sparingly as soon as the soil dries up. When the plant has 3-4 true leaves, pinch the growth point and feed the plants.

As soon as the soil warms up, the peas are immediately planted in the ground with a distance of 15-20 cm between the plants

If you sow seeds in the ground, peas bloom in 70-90 days.

The care of plants is as follows: they are fed twice - 1.5-2 weeks after germination or planting of seedlings and before budding, the soil is loosened, weeds are removed.

Kosmeya

This plant is unpretentious, cold-resistant and light-requiring. There is no need to fertilize the soil with organic fertilizers, flowering is delayed, and the plant blooms less abundantly. The height of the kosmeya is from 1 to 1.2 m with highly dissected decorative foliage. Florists grow, or, more precisely, work with two types - sulphurous cosmos and double-pinned cosmos. Double-feathered kosmeya is white, pink and crimson. The color of the sulfurous cosmos is golden and orange.

Seeds are sown in the ground when the soil warms up (you can also seedlings). The distance between plants is 20-30 cm. It blooms in 45-50 days and blooms until frost. The seeds are harvested when they turn brown.

Carnation

One of the most popular garden plants. Among carnations there are perennials and biennials, some of which are grown as annuals. Summer cloves include garden carnations and Chinese carnations. In the middle zone of the country, the garden carnation blooms only at the end of August, it needs a lot of heat, so flower growers grow Chinese carnation, or rather its variety, the Neddevig carnation. Plant height from 20-30 cm, monochromatic or two-color.

This light-loving and cold-resistant plant does not tolerate excess moisture

For the plant to bloom in early summer, the seeds must be sown in March. Then the seedlings dive

In mid-May, the seedlings are planted in the ground at a distance of 20 cm between plants, on a sunny area filled with organic fertilizers. Plants that were grown in peat pots take root especially well. Plants are fed with organic fertilizers, the soil is loosened, weeds are removed.

Annual plants on "Botanichka"

Biennials

These are the plants that produce the most beautiful flowers in the second year after sowing the seeds. Some of these plants are perennials, but in the Non-Black Earth Region they are grown as biennials, since in the third year they usually suffer greatly from frosts. Their flowers become worse (smaller, not so bright). If the seeds of these plants are sown early, then they will bloom this year.

Biennials bloom in spring and early summer.

Pansies

Pansies, or viola, Vitrokka violet. This is a complex hybrid, in which tricolor violet, horned violet, Altai violet and yellow violet participated.

Pansies are undemanding to soil. They bloom well when rotted manure and compost are introduced into the soil. These are shade-tolerant plants, they are not afraid of the cold, they are only slightly covered for the winter. They do not tolerate excess moisture, in dry and hot weather the flowers become smaller, bloom poorly. Like most biennials, in the third year, many plants die or lose their decorative effect.

Pansies are propagated by seeds and cuttings. For plants to bloom in the first year, seeds are sown in March - April. In May, they are planted in open ground. In order for the plants to bloom in the second year in spring, the seeds are sown in a permanent place in the ground in early July. Crops should not be thickened.

In summer, when there is a lack of moisture, the plants are watered, weeded, loosened and fed with a diluted mullein.

Bell

Plants 60-90 cm high. Flowers are white, lilac, pink, blue, purple. They love fertile soils, in which lime is introduced. The seeds are sown in ridges. If sown early, they will bloom in the same year. A month after sowing, the seedlings dive at a distance of 5 cm from each other. At the end of August, they are transplanted to a permanent place with an area of 40 X 40 cm.

Can be propagated by dividing the bush and root suckers.

Mallow

Mallow, or stock-rose, is a tall plant (up to 2 m), with large, semi-double and double flowers. Coloring - white, pink, red, purple, black, yellow. The flowers are located on a long flower bone. It begins to bloom from June to late autumn.

Mallow blooms profusely in well-fertilized soil. Plants are fed (bird droppings) at the beginning of flowering.

Propagated by seeds. When sown early, bloom in the first year. Usually seeds are sown in autumn, and plants are planted in spring at a distance of 40-60 cm from each other.

Daisy

Plant height from 10 to 30 cm. Flowers are white, red, pink. They bloom from April to June, in a rainy summer - until July, they tolerate winter well, keeping leaves and buds under the snow. Propagated by seeds and dividing the bush. But more powerful and abundantly flowering plants grow from seeds.

Daisy is not afraid of shade, grows well on any soil, but reacts well to organic fertilization. Postpones the transfer at any time.

The seeds of daisies are very small, so they are covered with a thin layer of sifted earth or peat. So that the soil does not dry out, the crops need to be slightly shaded. The soil should be loose and nutritious. In August - September, plants can be planted in a permanent place at a distance of 20 cm from each other. In this case, the plants will bloom the next year.

For daisies to bloom in the fall, seeds must be sown in late March - early April. Make sure that the soil is always loose, and the plants are watered moderately. Plants can be fed with organic fertilizers 1-2 times.

Flowers And Ornamental Plants. Annuals, Biennials. Description, Cultivation, Care. A Photo

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Annuals. Biennials