Correct Fit Of Gladioli. When And How To Plant Gladioli? Photo

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Correct Fit Of Gladioli. When And How To Plant Gladioli? Photo
Correct Fit Of Gladioli. When And How To Plant Gladioli? Photo

Video: Correct Fit Of Gladioli. When And How To Plant Gladioli? Photo

Video: Correct Fit Of Gladioli. When And How To Plant Gladioli? Photo
Video: How to plant Gladiolus (bulbs/corms) - FarmerGracy.co.uk 2024, March
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Gladioli are bulbous representatives that are not considered particularly whimsical. They are especially good at cutting - they retain their fresh look and brightness for a long time. There are certain secrets of growing gladioli, following which, you can achieve longer flowering and effective reproduction from your flowers. And, first of all, they are associated with the planting of gladioli. How to properly plant gladioli in the garden, we will tell in the article.

Gladiolus
Gladiolus

Content:

  • Choosing a place for planting gladioli
  • Preparing the soil for gladioli
  • Preparation of planting material for gladioli
  • When and how to plant gladioli?
  • Questions and answers about landing gladioli

Choosing a place for planting gladioli

Gladioli grow poorly and bloom in shaded areas. Therefore, when choosing a place for planting, give preference to sunny areas. This not only ensures good flowering, but also prevents the development of diseases. The causative agents of most diseases develop most actively in swampy areas.

Of course, not at every site you can find a permanently lit place. In this regard, it should be remembered that the shading of gladioli on the east side delays flowering for 15-20 days, with shading from the south, they generally may not bloom.

At a constant high standing of groundwater, plants may be “suffocated”, since air does not penetrate to the roots. In areas with such conditions for gladioli, they choose higher places or make a high ridge. In a hot climate zone, ridges cannot be made.

In order for only gladioli plants to completely consume moisture from irrigation, they must be planted at a distance of no closer than 3-5 m from trees and other plantings. Shrubs are good for protecting the flower garden from the side of the prevailing north and west winds.

On an unsuccessfully chosen site, gladioli not only bloom poorly, but also do not form a full-fledged corm. As a result, next year it will not be possible to get good flowers due to low-quality planting material.

Preparing the soil for gladioli

The soil for gladioli is prepared in the fall. The best soils for them are black earth, light loamy and sandy loam. Heavy clay soils, peaty and clean sandy, often found in garden plots, require improvement. Sand is added to peat, peat is added to sandy soil, sand and peat are added to clay soil.

For gladioli, a soil with a slightly acidic reaction of the environment is preferable - pH 5.5-6.5. Therefore, before planting corms, soil analysis is done. For this, at four to five points of the site, a glass of soil is taken and submitted for analysis to an agrochemical laboratory. Better to do the analysis in the spring. According to his results, the florist can establish not only the acidity of the soil, but also the amount of trace elements in it. With high acidity, quicklime or chalk is added to the soil at the rate of 100-200 g per 1 m².

The soil under the gladioli is dug to the depth of the root system - 45-50 cm. All weeds are selected at the same time. If possible, legumes are planted in the area designated for these flowers in the previous year. This will improve the structure of the soil and scare away the worst enemy of gladioli - the wireworm.

Gnawing at the leaves, the pest destroys plants, especially the baby, spreads bacteria that cause scab and fungal spores. The organic residues left unselected during digging contribute to the spread of scab. Bacteria and parasitic fungi settle in them, as well as in the manure introduced into the soil.

In autumn, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied to the soil. Their number is calculated based on the results of soil analysis and the selected plant nutrition system (see the corresponding section). Since it is difficult for novice growers to analyze the soil, it is possible to add nitrophosphate to it at the rate of 30 g per 1 sq. m. Chernozem soil in the fall with fertilizers can not be filled.

To simplify maintenance work, ridges with a width of 1-1.2 m of arbitrary length are prepared. So that when watering the water does not drain from the ridges, they can be edged around the perimeter with boards, slate, plastic, stone tiles. In the spring, they dig up the soil again on one bayonet of the shovel and select the remaining weeds. For digging, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, for example, urea - 15 g per 1 m.

Gladiolus corm
Gladiolus corm

Preparation of planting material for gladioli

Two to three weeks before planting, the corms are cleaned of scales. They do this carefully, as under them there may be young seedlings that are easy to break off. If the baby's shell is cleaned, then lightly press on it with two fingers, and then remove the scales with a fingernail. It is imperative to clean it, since parasitic microorganisms and thrips nest in the scales. In addition, it is easier to detect signs of disease on peeled corms and disinfect planting material in time.

Peeled corms are laid out sprouts upwards on vernalization, like potatoes. This activity promotes better flowering and less susceptibility to diseases at the beginning of growth.

Planting material purchased in a store or on the market is treated for diseases and pests. It is better not to use chemicals for this in the garden. Soak the corms and the baby well in an infusion of garlic (250-300 g per 10 l of water) for 2 hours.

Garlic acts on both pathogens and plant pests. It is passed through a meat grinder, pour 10 liters of water. In the resulting infusion, planting material is immersed not only before planting, but also after digging. In the spring, a solution of a lower concentration is prepared (300 g per 10 l), in the fall - a larger one (500 g per 10 l). For processing during digging, the concentration can be further increased by taking up to 1 kg of garlic per 10 liters of water.

If there is no garlic, the planting material is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate - from pathogens, karbofos - from pests. In the spring, in a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g of potassium permanganate per 10 l of water), then in a solution of karbofos (30 g per 10 l of water), the corms and the baby are kept for 30 minutes. In autumn, take a stronger solution of potassium permanganate (5-10 g of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of water) and incubate for 30-60 minutes.

A solution of karbofos is the same concentration as in the spring, and the material is kept in it for the same time. After disinfection, before planting, the material can be treated with growth stimulants and trace elements for faster root development. Usually use one of the following drugs, per 10 liters of water:

  • heteroauxin - one tablet;
  • sodium gumate - 1 g;
  • succinic acid - 2 g.

The planting material is kept in a growth stimulator solution for 10-12 hours.

Solutions of trace elements for processing planting material can be of different composition. For soaking corms before planting, it is better to use the recommendations of A. N. Gromov (Table 1). The processing time of the material in the recommended composition is 12-14 hours.

Table 1. Doses of micronutrient fertilizers for the treatment of corms

Microfertilizer Dose per 10 l of water, g
Boric acid 3
Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) 2
Copper sulfate (copper sulfate) 3
Cobalt Nitrate (Cobalt Nitrate) 0.8-1.0
Ammonium molybdate 1.0-1.5
Zinc sulfate (zinc sulfate) 0.5-0.7

Tab. 2. Doses of micronutrient fertilizers for the treatment of tubers

Microfertilizers Dose per 10 liters of water
Potassium permanganate 5 g
Copper sulfate 4 g
Cobalt nitrate 1 g

Table 2 shows the doses of micronutrients recommended by TG Tamberg for preparing a solution for soaking tubers before planting. Processing time is 4 hours.

The author prefers to soak the corms and the baby before planting in a combined solution of ammonium molybdate (2 g) and copper sulfate (5 g) per 10 liters of water for 2 hours, after which he immediately plants.

When and how to plant gladioli?

Planting begins when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 8-10 ºС. In the middle lane, this usually occurs at the end of April. It is necessary to clearly capture this moment, since a delay in planting leads to a loss of moisture in the soil, which will adversely affect the development of corms and delay the flowering period.

It is more expedient, first of all, to plant corms and the baby of new especially valuable varieties, which it is desirable to multiply as quickly as possible. Planting is carried out in sand, which at the first stage of plant development will protect the corms, the baby and their tender young roots from contact with the soil. To do this, sand is poured into the dug groove or hole with a layer of 1-2 cm, corms or a baby are planted and sprinkled with sand on top, and then soil.

To facilitate the care of the plants, the corms and the baby are planted in rows along or across the ridge. The location of individual specimens of planting material in a row and the distance between rows may vary depending on the size of the corms, the power of the variety and the tasks set by the grower during cultivation.

When placing plants, it should also be borne in mind that the greater the distance between the plants, the better the nutritional conditions and the less likely to be infected with diseases from a neighboring plant. The smallest distances between large corms in a row are 15 cm, between rows - 20, for a child - 5 and 15 cm, respectively.

Planting depth depends on the composition of the soil and the size of the corms. Planting material with a diameter of 4-5 cm (the one that gives the best quality peduncles) is planted to a depth of 10-12 cm. On sandy and chernozem soils, the planting depth can be increased to 15 cm, on clay and waterlogged soils, it can be reduced to 7-9 cm. it must be remembered that small-planted corms are more likely to get sick. Therefore, it should not be planted smaller than 7 cm.

A flower grower will not be mistaken if he plants a corm to a depth equal to three of its diameters: it is obvious that a small one will have to be planted smaller, a large one - deeper. Small corms with deep planting may not germinate due to lack of air access. The baby is planted to a depth of 3-5 cm.

Landing can be along the ridge and across. In any case, the previously dug soil is leveled with a rake. After that, marking the direction of the row, make a groove of the required depth or holes across or along the ridge at a distance calculated for planting corms or babies.

Before planting, it is good to add nitrophoska 3-4 cm below the bottom of the corm at the rate of 1-2 g for each or other seed fertilizer. During planting, the grooves and holes are watered with water so that the soil is moist and does not take moisture from the planting material.

Planting gladioli corms in two rows
Planting gladioli corms in two rows

Questions and answers about landing gladioli

Is it possible to plant gladioli before winter?

For the formation of the root system, gladioli need low positive temperatures (10-15 ° C), active growth of shoots occurs at 20-25 ° C. However, in order for the corms to develop well, it is necessary to pre-store them at temperatures of about 3-9 ° C. During this period, the root system is not yet formed, so low temperatures cannot delay the development of the plant.

Corms can withstand not only low positive temperatures, but also short-term negative ones, but their development is delayed. Large corms die at minus 2 ° C. Therefore, planting before winter is possible only in the southern regions with shelter to create a wintering regime similar to the storage regime.

The baby, which has a hard, dense shell, tolerates low temperatures more easily, which can be observed in warm winters in the Non-Black Earth Zone. In such cases, it can withstand temperatures as low as minus 4 ° C.

Those growers who provide conditions on the site that protect the soil from freezing, plant gladioli before winter.

Gladiolus, cultivar 'Little Fawn'
Gladiolus, cultivar 'Little Fawn'

Is it possible to grow gladioli for the New Year and March 8?

It is possible, but for normal growth of plants in winter, additional lighting is needed, maintaining a certain temperature of air and soil, humidity and good air exchange - ventilation. All this is difficult to provide in a living space.

In specially equipped greenhouses, blooming gladioli are obtained at any time. However, the process of preparing the planting material and the culture conditions are very complex. For example, to get a cut by March 8, corms are dug early, for cutting by the New Year, under certain conditions, corms of the previous year's harvest are preserved.

The staff of the Main Botanical Garden in Moscow has developed a light culture of gladioli. Articles describing their methods were published at different times in the "Floriculture" magazine.

How to ensure that gladioli do not bloom all at once?

There are several ways:

  • plant corms of varieties with different flowering periods at the same time;
  • plant corms of the same variety at different times;
  • plant at the same time corms of the same variety of different sizes, since plants from small planting material bloom later than from large ones.

Is it possible to cut a corm with two sprouts?

A corm with two sprouts is cut if they want to propagate a variety and get many flowering plants. Cut vertically, making sure that part of the bottom is preserved on both halves. Immediately after the operation, the cut is sprinkled with crushed coal or filled with brilliant green and planted.

Can a baby with a cracked shell be planted?

You can plant such a baby if it is not affected by fungal and bacterial diseases, which can be seen when examining the tubers.

During the winter, the corms have dried out a lot. What should be done with them before landing?

A healthy corm will never dry out. If she wrinkled, became hard, then undoubtedly she was struck by some kind of disease. If the corm was stored at an elevated temperature, it may dry out a little, but it will remain healthy. Such corms are soaked in a warm solution of baking soda (one teaspoon per 1 liter of water) for several hours before planting. However, it is better to soak the planting material in a solution of trace elements (see Table 2).

I bought an interesting variety. How to multiply it faster?

If a baby is bought, then it is necessary to increase the growing season for her, that is, to plant it early in a greenhouse, under a film or in boxes at home. If there is one or more corms, then before planting they are cut into several parts so that in each part there is one bud and part of the bottom.

Can a baby be put in a casing without cleaning?

You can plant in a shell, but the baby will not germinate longer. To accelerate germination, before planting, it is soaked for a day in a warm 0.2% solution of potassium permanganate or 0.1% baking soda. After planting the children, it is good to water the area and cover with foil until shoots appear.

How to plant gladioli so as not to confuse young and old corms?

It is better to plant the baby and corms on different ridges. Plants from babies planted separately develop better.

Author: VA Lobaznov "Gladioli".

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