Video: Green Spaces As An Environmental Factor. Photo
2024 Author: Ava Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 00:23
Green spaces in the city fulfill not only a decorative, but also a sanitary and hygienic function. In connection with the deteriorated environmental situation in many modern cities, people are trying to carry out various sanitary measures. Planting vegetation plays an important role in cleaning the environment.
Green spaces reduce air pollution and dustiness. Approximately 60-70% of the dust settles on leaves, needles, trunks and branches. Trees and shrubs are not the only ones to reduce dust. Lawns also retain much of the dust.
In open areas, the dust content of the air is 2-3 times higher than in areas richly planted with vegetation. Trees prevent dust from spreading even in a leafless state.
But different species of trees and shrubs have different dust-retaining properties, which are influenced by the morphological structure of the leaves. A significant part of the dust is retained by leaves with villi and leaves with a rough structure. Poplar, elm, lilac, maple best protect the air from dust.
Plants absorb harmful gases, thus reducing their concentration in the air. Solid aerosol particles settle on the leaves, branches and trunks of green spaces.
The gas protective role of plants depends on the degree of gas resistance. Elms, aspen, various types of poplar, Siberian apple, and prickly spruce are slightly damaged. Plants with medium damageability - mountain ash, larch, Tatar maple.
It is worth planting groups of trees and shrubs with openwork crowns near sources of air pollution, because stagnation of polluted air will be created in dense plantings, which will lead to an increased concentration of gases in the atmosphere.
Green spaces also perform wind-protecting functions, for which it is worth planting protective plant strips across the main wind flow. Plantings protect well from winds even with low planting density and low height.
It is enough to place green stripes 30 m wide in order to reduce the wind speed. Openwork green stripes are considered the most effective in protecting from winds, which allow about 40% of the wind from the entire flow to pass through. Breaks inside green spaces for passage and driveways are acceptable, which does not reduce the windproof qualities of the strip.
Green spaces also perform a phytoncide function, releasing phytoncides - substances that kill harmful pathogenic bacteria. Conifers have such properties to a greater extent: juniper, pine, spruce. Hardwoods are also capable of producing phytoncides. These include oak, bird cherry, poplar and birch. It has been noticed that there are 200 times less bacteria in the air of parks than in the air of the streets.
Many people know that the air temperature above the lawn is several degrees lower than above the asphalt surface, and in the city the air temperature is higher than among green areas. Green spaces noticeably reduce the temperature in hot weather, protect the walls of buildings and the soil from direct sunlight. Plants with large leaves better protect the air from overheating.
Plants have a positive effect on air humidity by evaporating moisture into the air from the surface of the leaves. Oaks and beeches have this property to a greater extent.
The foliage of densely crowned trees and shrubs absorbs a significant amount of sound energy. Therefore, green spaces are often located between noisy highways, railways and residential buildings.
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