Gooseberry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Fruit And Berry. Garden Plants. Shrubs. A Photo

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Gooseberry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Fruit And Berry. Garden Plants. Shrubs. A Photo
Gooseberry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Fruit And Berry. Garden Plants. Shrubs. A Photo

Video: Gooseberry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Fruit And Berry. Garden Plants. Shrubs. A Photo

Video: Gooseberry. Care, Cultivation, Reproduction. Fruit And Berry. Garden Plants. Shrubs. A Photo
Video: All About the Gooseberry: A Wonderful Fruit 2024, March
Anonim

Agrotechnics

On structural garden soils with a deep fertile layer, gooseberries can be cultivated for more than twenty years. It is impractical to leave bushes older than 10-12 years on marginal sandy or peaty soils. The illuminated areas of the garden, protected from the prevailing winds, as well as the aisles of fruit trees, are allocated for culture.

Gooseberry tolerates soil acidity better than other berry crops. With rational application of organic and mineral fertilizers, it is successfully cultivated even on sandy soil. Unsuitable for planting heavy clay soils with close groundwater. On the slopes, plants should be placed in the upper or middle part in order to avoid severe damage from spring frosts, soaking, winter freezing and fungal diseases.

Annual application of organic and mineral fertilizers is recommended on poor sandy or loamy soils; on medium-fertile - after a year, and on cultivated old plots - after two years.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry

© niddynoo

Approximate doses of fertilization on a bush: manure, compost or peat faeces - 8-10 kg, ammonium nitrate - 30-50 g, potassium chloride - 20-30 g, superphosphate -50-80 g.

In addition to basic fertilizers, summer fertilizing with solutions of organic and mineral fertilizers is used on infertile soils. To prepare such solutions, tanks or barrels are buried halfway into the ground, filled 1/4 or 1/5 of the height with mullein, bird droppings or slurry, poured, stirring with water. The prepared solution is still diluted with water: mullein - 4-5 times, bird droppings - 10-12 times, slurry - 6-8 times. Fertilizers are applied in a bucket into the furrows between the bushes. Mineral fertilizers can be used for fertilizing immediately after dissolving in water or in rainy weather, in dry form, scattering along the grooves.

The first feeding is carried out after flowering. This has a beneficial effect on the growth of shoots and ovaries. Top dressing after harvesting contributes to better preparation of the plant for winter, the laying of flower buds.

Gooseberries are more drought tolerant than other berry crops. But in dry weather, watering is necessary during periods of the most intensive growth of shoots and ovaries, as well as after harvesting, combining with liquid dressings. Watering rate is 0.5-1 bucket of water per young bush (per hole). In the area of adult fruiting bushes, watering is carried out along the furrows along the rows. After the dry season, apply late-autumn watering -1-2 buckets per bush or along furrows, without creating stagnant water.

Trimming and shaping

Pruning and formation of early-growing varieties with a large shoot-producing ability is carried out in 2-3 years. Of the basal shoots growing in the first growing season, 3-5 most developed are left; in the second year their number doubles. At the beginning of fruiting, the bush has 12-15 replacement shoots and branches of different ages, at the optimal age - 20-25 branches of different ages. The main harvest is formed on the growth of the last year and two-year-old fruits, therefore, branches older than five years of age are removed. Bushes over 10-12 years old are uprooted.

Particular attention is paid to the annual intensive thinning and rationing of basal shoots to create a larger fruiting surface on the periphery of the bush.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry

© Nadia308

Soil preparation

Successful gooseberry cultivation depends on the regular application of organic-mineral composts. To prepare compost, peat, manure, vegetable tops, fallen leaves, straw, old sawdust, pine needles are placed in the pile, sandwiched every 30-40 cm with mineral fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers - 400-500 g, superphosphate - 500-600 g, potassium - 350-400 g, ground limestone up to 400 g are sprinkled on 1 m2 of the surface of the compost.

In dry weather, the top layer is shed and shoveled. For the area allotted for each plant (1.5 X 1.5 m or 1.0 X 1.5 m), it is recommended to add 18-20 kg of organic-mineral composts during deep digging. Fresh manure or droppings are not applied before planting in order to avoid scalding the roots. If the compost is not prepared, then organic and mineral fertilizers are introduced into each planting hole (40 x 40 or 40 x 60 cm): humus or compost - 1.5-2 buckets, peat - 2 buckets, superphosphate - 250-300 g, potash salt - 30-40, wood ash - 300, ground limestone - 100-150 g. A thoroughly mixed mixture of fertilizers is applied to the bottom of the pit and covered with the upper fertile layer of earth.

Landing. The best planting period is the second half of September - early October. Before planting, the roots are dipped in a soil mash, the branches of the seedlings are pruned, leaving 3-4 shoots with four to five buds on each. With a delay in planting, the dried seedlings are placed in water for 4-5 hours. When planting, the roots in the pit are straightened, covered with earth from the aisle and the soil around the seedling is compacted. Watering is required - 0.5-1 bucket of water. Mulch with a mixture of dry earth, humus, peat or rotten sawdust with a layer of 8-10 cm.

Care after landing … To preserve moisture, better growth of ovaries, shoots and roots, the soil around the bushes is loosened, weeded and mulched with peat, humus (10-12 kg per bush) or mulching paper. In autumn, the aisles are dug up with garden pitchforks to a depth of 12-15 cm, and in rows and near bushes - by 10-12 cm. Organic fertilizers (compost, rotted manure) are sealed in the near-stem circles of the bushes entering fruiting. Mineral fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, wood ash, ground limestone) are scattered over the entire area occupied by gooseberries. On the site of adult bushes, organic fertilizers are applied under the bush and in the grooves along the row. In the spring, the aisles are shallowly dug up (10-12 cm), while nitrogen fertilizers are applied as needed; remove hilling; loosen the soil to a depth of 6-8 cm. In the summer, loosening and weeding is carried out 3-4 times.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry

© polandeze

Bushes of varieties that form a small number of basal shoots and later enter fruiting, form in 5-6 years, since the main crop is placed on two-year-old fruits and other fruit formations of three-, four-year branches. In such bushes, it is necessary to stimulate the growth of basal shoots, leaving 3-4 strongest annually, gradually preparing a replacement for branches older than 7-8 years with a weak increase or a small yield. An adult fruiting bush should have 2-3 branches of one- or seven-year-old, in total 20-25 branches. Such bushes are grown for 10 or more years.

For all varieties of gooseberries, when pruning, it is necessary to: remove weak basal shoots, as well as broken ones, affected by pests and diseases, cut out branches growing inside the bush lying on the ground (unsuitable for reproduction); cut branches frozen in a harsh winter to a strong growth, and basal shoots - to survived buds.

Pruning is carried out in early spring (before the leaves bloom) or in the fall after leaf fall. Rejuvenating pruning is carried out on old bushes of valuable varieties or thickened plants. To do this, remove 1/2 or 2/3 of the old branches in the fall, cutting them off at soil level. In the spring, to stimulate the regrowth of young shoots, organic fertilizers are applied and watered abundantly. The next autumn, remove the rest of the old branches and begin to form a rejuvenated bush.

Reproduction

Gooseberry propagation by horizontal layers from young bushes with strong annual growth is the most common method. Under the mother bushes, the soil is loosened and abundantly fertilized with organic-mineral compost. The longest shoots are bent into the furrows between the bushes and nailed tightly with hooks in several places. With the growth of vertical shoots 8-10 cm long, they are spud twice in wet weather. During the summer it is watered abundantly, mulched with humus or peat. In autumn, well-rooted shoots are cut off and divided according to the number of layers. Well-developed layers can be planted in a permanent place, and with a weak root system and one shoot, they are left for the second season or placed in a nursery for growing. Layers for growing are planted in furrows, compacting the soil along the row after dusting the roots with earth. Planting scheme (20-25) X 60 cm with hilling to a height of 8-10 cm. Early in spring, pruning is carried out into 3-4 buds, loosened, removed hilling, in dry weather, watered, mulched. A delay in loosening the soil in spring can cause the death of the cuttings. During the summer, weeding, loosening, fertilizing with ammonium nitrate in wet weather (30 g / m2) are necessary. Two-year-old seedlings of early-growing varieties with three to four branches 40-60 cm long come into fruiting a year after planting in a permanent place. Two-year-old seedlings of early-growing varieties with three to four branches 40-60 cm long come into fruiting a year after planting in a permanent place. Biennial seedlings of early-growing varieties with three to four branches 40-60 cm long come into fruiting one year after planting in a permanent place.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry

© color line

Horizontal layering can be obtained from all shoots of a young bush. In the spring, holes are dug in loose fertilized soil under the bush, annual shoots are laid in them, and the middle part is covered with a humus mound, leaving the upper end above the ground. After heavy rains, the mounds spud. From each such shoot, 1-2 new bushes are obtained.

Vertical layers are obtained from older shrubs. In the fall, the bush is cut, leaving one or two branches. In spring, the emerging shoots are covered with loose fertile soil, leaving the tops and adding soil as they grow back. The next autumn, hilling is removed, well-rooted layers are separated.

Woody cuttings can propagate American-European hybrids, especially varieties: Smena, Kolobok, Eaglet, Northern Captain. In autumn, lignified cuttings are cut and placed in wet sand for callus formation. It is kept there for 1.5-2 months at a temperature of 2-3 ° C, then covered with sawdust, placed in a snow pile and stored until spring. In early spring, cuttings are planted in greenhouses under glass or film frames, leaving one or two buds.

Green cuttings are a faster and more efficient method of propagation. It is carried out in nurseries or greenhouses with film frames. The soil is prepared from a mixture of peat with sand (1: 1) and laid in a layer of 10-15 cm. Cuttings are harvested during the period of decay of shoot growth (June), they are cut with a sharp budding knife or a razor 5-7 cm long, without removing the apical buds and not shortening the leaf blades.

To improve root formation, cuttings are treated with growth stimulants - heteroauxin or indolylbutyric acid (IMA): per 1 liter of water at room temperature - 100-150 mg of heteroauxin or 30-35 mg of IMA. A solution is poured into a flat glass or enamel bath with a layer of 2-3 cm, the ends of the cuttings are immersed in it for 8-12 hours; up to 700 pieces are planted per 1 m2 of greenhouse; planting depth 1.5-2 cm.

Root formation is more active at a substrate temperature of 18-20 ° C. When the temperature rises, the greenhouse is ventilated, in hot weather it is slightly shaded. The best way to water is with a fine spray with a spray bottle or sprayer. At the same time, the substrate does not become waterlogged, the air flows to the roots, the leaves are constantly under a thin film of water, like in a fog. A thin spray is carried out until adventitious roots appear.

The best development after rooting is facilitated by feeding with a solution of mineral salts: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (1: 2: 1). At the end of the season, to increase winter hardiness, additional feeding is carried out with a solution of the same salts (1: 3: 3). The concentration of the solution is 1%, the flow rate per 10 m3 is 25 liters.

In early-growing varieties with a strong shoot-productive ability, such as Northern Captain, Smena, Kolobok, rooting rate - up to 100%, the amount of growth is 28-36 cm. The varieties Russian, Yubileiny, Izumrud Moskovsky, Orlyonok, Plum rooted by 76-88%, growth up to 24 cm. Weaker rooting rate in Rodnik, Pink 2 varieties - 50-60%, growth 8-9 cm. European varieties Date, Green bottle, White triumph, Venus are not recommended to propagate by green cuttings.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry

© inyucho

Frost protection. Sprinkling after midnight is an effective way to keep out frost. Smoke with the help of fires made of wet straw, old leaves, debris raises the air temperature by 1C. If there are few bushes, they can be covered with plastic wrap or paper.

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