How To Increase Stress Resistance Of Plants?

2023 Author: Ava Durham | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-11-27 07:13

How much plants have to do in our very short summer: grow, bloom, set fruits, and in large quantities. And it is also necessary that the fruits have time to ripen and accumulate enough vitamins and other useful substances. Then you can heartily rejoice at a large and high-quality harvest. But this is not always the case. Frost, excess moisture, drought, excessive UV radiation, sudden temperature changes, hail, strong winds, exposure to pesticides and other unfavorable factors are stressful for plants that can lead to serious crop losses. How to increase stress resistance of plants? To do this, you need to use special drugs, and ours are domestic. But first, let's figure it out - what is plant stress?

Information for the especially curious

Stress is the reaction of an organism, in this case, a plant, to the action of a stressor - an unfavorable environmental factor that deviates from the norm. A stressor can be a physical, chemical or biological effect on the plant. There are three phases of stress: 1-primary stress response, 2- adaptation to adverse effects and 3- depletion of reliability systems, which can lead to plant death.

What are the mechanisms of stress manifestation in plants? They are different at different levels of the organization. So, at the cellular level, there is an increase in the permeability of cell membranes, a change in the viscosity and pH of the cytoplasm, an increase in the consumption of ATP (a universal source of energy for all biochemical processes occurring in living systems, in particular for the formation of enzymes), as well as the predominance of hydrolytic processes, metabolic disorders substances, accumulation of toxins, free radicals, activation and synthesis of stress proteins, synthesis of growth inhibitors, suppression of stimulants. At the organismic level: competitive relations between organs, regeneration and growth of axillary buds, a shift from vegetative to generative development, a transition to rest. At the population level: death of unadapted genotypes, selection and evolutionary changes leading to the development of adaptive mechanisms of the plant organism.

As you know, the yield of any crops is largely determined by their resistance to unfavorable (stress) factors in a particular region. What is plant resistance?

Resistance is the ability of plants to self-regulate, optimize the processes occurring in it and adapt them to stressful environmental conditions. What factors determine the resistance of plants to stress? From the strength of the impact of the stressor; on the duration of exposure to the stressor; from the phase of ontogenesis (development) of the plant; from the functioning of the systems of reliability and repair (ability to recover).

So, resistance to stress is provided by molecular defense mechanisms that form the physiological stability of the plant organism. But, if the strength of the influence of the stress factor is large and long-term, then the plant may simply not have enough of its natural reserve of strength. And this is where drugs come to the rescue with powerful anti-stress and immunomodulatory effects. These are plant growth regulators on a natural basis - Epin-Extra and Zircon, as well as chelated micronutrient fertilizers Tsitovit, Ferovit, Siliplant and organic mineral fertilizer EcoFus of the NEST M company. Let us consider the effect of these drugs using examples of stressful weather conditions.

Frost

This is the first serious test for plants at the beginning of the growing season. Depending on the region, the risk of cold weather returning can be quite long. And if the frosts also coincide with the flowering period of most crops, then you can lose almost the entire crop.

What is the danger of frost? When temperatures go to negative values, the intracellular fluid turns into ice, which makes it impossible for all physiological and biochemical processes to occur.

How does the plant react to a decrease in temperature? In the early stages of stress, hydrolysis (splitting) of starch occurs, the products of which increase the osmotic potential of the cell and provide cryoprotection (resistance to cold) of cellular structures at low temperatures. But, nevertheless, as noted above, the plant needs to be helped to overcome cold stress.

Anti-stress adaptogen Epin-Extra protects plants from frost. The drug provides an accelerated production of cold shock proteins in plants, which increase the viscosity of the intracellular fluid by increasing the concentration of soluble carbohydrates.

How to use Epin-Extra? It is most effective to spray with Epin-Extra (2 ml / 10 l of water) 1-2 days before the onset of frost, and then repeat them once every 10-12 days during the entire period of risk of cold weather returning.

Complete and balanced nutrition enriched with microelements contributes to even better adaptation of plants to cold stress. This is explained by the fact that all nutrients (organic, macro- and, especially, microelements) provide plants with the necessary energy and thereby enhance all physiological processes.

What fertilizers should be used to feed the plants during the frost period? We recommend using an organic mineral fertilizer obtained from the White Sea algae - EcoFus. It contains a multicomponent balanced complex of nutrients and biologically active substances in a bioavailable form, incl. more than 40 trace elements, including iodine, selenium, and silicon. In addition, EcoFus itself is capable of protecting plants from frost. The alga from which it is obtained grows in very harsh conditions. It produces special substances - osmoprotectors, which reduce the rate of transition of intracellular water into ice and thereby protect it from freezing. This property of algae is fully preserved in the EcoFus fertilizer.

Attention! For 10 liters of water: 2 ml of Epin-Extra and 50 ml of EcoFus. Spray the plants once every 10-12 days, and they will safely tolerate frosts

In addition, as a top dressing during the frost period, you can use Cytovite - a nutrient solution containing all the trace elements necessary for plants in the most close to natural - chelated form, which is absorbed by plants without unnecessary energy costs.

Attention! For 10 liters of water: 2 ml of Epin-Extra and 30 ml of Cytovite. Spray the plants once every 10-12 days and they will go through the frost period without loss

If treatments to protect plants from frost with Epin-Extra were not carried out, and the plants were damaged, then it is necessary to use a bioregulator with a powerful root-forming and growth-stimulating effect of Zircon. It is necessary to do watering and simultaneous spraying with this preparation (1 ml / 10 l), and then repeat after 7-10 days. Zircon will promote the formation of new suction roots, as well as the active growth of lateral shoots, and thus preserve the plants.

Excessive humidity conditions

The situation is not uncommon for many regions. In this case, Epin-Extra will also help. It will facilitate the evaporation of excess moisture from the surface of the leaves, due to the regulation of the stomatal apparatus, and the plants will not suffer from wetting and decay.

How to use Epin-Extra in conditions of excessive humidity? You need to choose a period so that there is no precipitation for 2-3 hours, and spray with Epin-Extra (2 ml / 10 l of water), and then repeat once every 10-12 days. At the same time, do not forget to regularly loosen the beds to ensure air access to the roots and make grooves that drain water.

With a large amount of precipitation, nutrients, especially trace elements, are quickly washed out of the soil. It is impossible to feed the plants by watering in such a situation. In this case, it is necessary to carry out foliar dressing (by spraying). Nutrients will penetrate through the leaf covers and move through plant tissues, reaching every cell. And most importantly, foliar feeding during a period of excess moisture makes it possible not to increase the water load on the roots.

What fertilizers can be used for foliar feeding? Only those that are highly soluble in water and have high bioavailability. Perfect for foliar feeding Cytovit. With regular use (1 time in 10-12 days), it fully compensates for the deficiency of trace elements. Trace elements play a huge role in plant life. They regulate all metabolic processes, eliminate functional disorders, are part of enzymes, enhance the synthesis of phytohormones, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc. With their lack, various types of chlorosis, leaf spots and necrosis of leaves, rosette develop, the growth and development of plants slows down, flowering and fruiting worsens.

How to use Citovit during a period of excessive importance? Only by spraying, and best of all in the same solution with Epin-Extra. It will contribute to a better absorption of nutrients and, thus, will further increase the effectiveness of foliar feeding with Cytovite.

Attention! For 10 liters of water, 30 ml of Cytovite and 2 ml of Epina-Extra! Under the influence of these drugs, plants will better tolerate conditions of excess moisture

Chlorosis (yellowing of leaves) with excess moisture is a common phenomenon. Ferovit will help - a universal stimulator of photosynthesis with a high content of bioavailable (in chelated form) iron and nitrogen in the form of urea. The fact is that iron is a catalyst in redox reactions accompanying the synthesis of chlorophyll (green pigment). With a large amount of precipitation, iron is quickly washed out of the soil, which leads to a decrease in the synthesis of chlorophyll and, as a result, to a slowdown in photosynthesis. The leaves turn yellow, the growth and development of plants is inhibited. Ferovit with regular use 1 time in 7-10 days by spraying (you must choose a period of 2-3 hours without precipitation) fully compensates for the iron deficiency. The synthesis of chlorophyll will be restored literally after 2-3 treatments, the green color of the leaves will return, photosynthesis will normalize. As in the case of Cytovite,Ferovit is very effective to use in one solution with Epin-Extra.

Attention! For 10 liters of water, 30 ml of Ferovit and 2 ml of Epin-Extra. Chlorosis with excess moisture will be stopped

Drought

Particularly long periods without rain and high temperatures are stressful to plants and pose a serious threat to future crops. These phenomena, in a changing climate, are becoming more frequent in many regions of the country.

What is the danger of drought? Homeostasis is disturbed - the constancy of the internal environment of the plant organism, because with a lack of moisture, the turgor of plant tissues decreases, the cells lose their ability to absorb nutrients. In addition, the permeability of cell membranes increases, photosynthesis is disrupted, flowers and ovaries fall off.

How does the plant react to a lack of moisture and high temperatures?Heat shock proteins are synthesized in plants under the influence of high temperatures. They protect mRNA (RNA containing information about the primary structure of proteins) from destruction by nucleases, the activity of which increases at elevated temperatures. In addition, under heat exposure and moisture deficiency, stress granules are formed due to hydrolysis (splitting) of starch, which makes it possible to increase the osmotic potential of the cell during a drought. Biodegradation of macromolecules creates the necessary pool of low molecular weight compounds that provide metabolic processes during the recovery period. However, help to plants during drought is still needed, and regular watering is not enough here, because at high temperatures, moisture evaporates very quickly from the leaf surface.

Zircon is a plant growth regulator with a powerful anti-stress activity that will help protect plants in drought. It helps to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the leaves and thereby retains it in plants. In addition, Zircon protects cells from excess shortwave UV-B radiation, which depletes their energy resources and increases their susceptibility to drought. In addition, Zircon, being an effective root former, provides accelerated growth and development of the root system. A well-developed root system is the most important condition for the survival of plants in drought.

How to use Zircon? By watering or spraying once every 7-10 days, at a concentration of 1 ml / 10 l of water, and the plants will safely survive the dry period.

It must be remembered that during a drought, especially a prolonged one, plants are practically unable to absorb nutrients from the soil. Therefore, they need to be fed regularly.

What is the best fertilizer to use in drought conditions? First of all, EcoFus! This is explained by the fact that in addition to the unique nutritional value, it also has the property of protecting plants from drought. During low tide in the coastal zone, the algae from which it is obtained produces substances with high anti-stress activity that protect it from drying out. It is a sulfur-containing polysaccharide fucoidan, as well as alginic acids, which are found only in algae and have the ability to retain water in plant tissues.

Attention! For 10 liters of water, 1 ml of Zircon and 50 ml of EcoFus. It is necessary to water or spray the plants with this solution 1 time in 7-10 days, and they will feel great

Chlorosis (yellowing of leaves) during drought occurs quite often, especially in perennial crops (decorative deciduous and fruit and berry crops), sensitive to iron deficiency. In this case, Ferovit will help (see above).

How to use Ferovit in case of drought? The best way is by spraying, and in the same solution with Zircon. Literally after 2-3 treatments, the green color of the leaves will be restored. Moreover, spraying with Zircon with Ferovit will promote intensive growth of new leaves, which provides additional plant resistance to drought. In combination with Zircon, the effect of Ferovit will be even more pronounced.

Attention! For 10 liters of water, 1 ml of Zircon and 30 ml of Ferovit, 1 time in 5-7 days. After the plants recover from chlorosis, repeat once every 15 days

There is another fertilizer that plants need in case of drought - Siliplant!It contains bioactive (soluble) silicon and microelements in a chelated form. As you know, silicon provides special strength to plant tissues. So this strength plays a huge role in increasing the drought resistance of plants. Indeed, only strong cell walls are able to maintain the turgor of plant tissues even in conditions of moisture deficit. And the use of Siliplant helps to reduce moisture evaporation by reducing the diameter of the stomata, as well as activating photosynthesis and increasing root formation. In addition, plants treated with Siliplant consume moisture more economically. This is explained by the fact that bioactive silicon enhances the movement of water through the vessels of plants. This leads to a decrease in the rate of evaporation of moisture and an improvement in water metabolism, which facilitates the availability of photosynthetic products for cells. Regular feeding with Siliplant can reduce irrigation water consumption by 20-40%.

How to use Siliplant? By watering or spraying, once every 10-15 days, at a concentration of 30 ml / 10 l of water.

Attention! To provide plants with the maximum possible protection against drought, it is necessary to carry out treatments with Zircon with EcoFus after 7-10 days with Zircon with Ferovit, and after 10-15 days with Siliplant, and repeat them during the entire dry period. Plants will be energetically strong, with abundant bright green foliage, with good turgor.

Mechanical impact

As mentioned above, mechanical stress is also a stress for plants. Thus, it is practically impossible for plants damaged by strong wind or hail to fully recover during the growing season, if no measures are taken to protect them.

How to protect plants from stress caused by high winds or hail? Use Siliplant regularly! The point is that silicon is part of the cell wall and gives it special strength (see above). It is thanks to her that plants become resistant to almost any damaging factors, incl. to mechanical. In addition, Siliplant has many interesting properties due to its high content of active silicon. The effect of this fertilizer is so multifaceted that it is worth writing a separate article about it.

How to use Siliplant? By watering or spraying, once every 10-15 days, at a concentration of 30 ml / 10 l of water and plants will be maximally preserved.

What to do if the plants are still damaged by hail? It is still difficult to unequivocally answer this question, but several years ago specialists from the Republic of Serbia shared their experience with us. The fact is that a large hail passed on the territory of this country, which severely damaged the crops. Correct the situation with the help of Epin-Extra. Several treatments were carried out and most of the crops were restored.

Pesticide use - stress for plants

No one doubts the fact that pesticides (chemical agents for controlling pests and diseases) are agents of high danger to humans and serve as the basis for the development of environmental problems. Their use for plants is a real stress, leading to inhibition of growth and development, not to mention burns from drug overdose. In addition, the residues of pesticides can be contained in fruits, posing a threat to the health of the person who used them. Many gardeners try to use as little "chemistry" as possible on their plots. And it is right. However, in advanced cases, with a strong infection of plants with diseases and a large population of pests, it is necessary to resort to the use of pesticides.

Tank mixtures of pesticides with Epin-Extra or Zircon will help reduce their negative effect on plants. As a result of numerous tests, it was found that the use of both Epin-Extra and Zircon in tank mixtures with pesticides (with the exception of those that have an alkaline environment) can reduce the rate of use of the latter by at least 30%, without losing their effectiveness, or number of treatments. The fact is that both Epin-Extra and Zircon improve the penetration of pesticides into plant cells, which makes it possible to reduce their consumption rates. As for the toxic effect of pesticides and their accumulation in fruits, in this case Epin-Extra will help. which promotes 2.5 - 3.0 times activation of enzymes for detoxification of harmful substances, and their speedy elimination from the plant organism.

Why, with a low infectious background and a small population of pests, it is possible to do without the use of pesticides? Both Epin-Extra and Zircon, with regular and competent use, create in plants a persistent nonspecific immunity to phytopathogens (bacterial, fungal and viral). And Zircon, in some cases, also acts directly on the pathogens themselves. In addition, both Epin-Extra and Zircon, by enhancing photosynthesis, contribute to the intensive growth of new leaves. This provides additional plant resistance to pests.

So, in order to increase the stress resistance of plants, you need to regularly and competently (as recommended in the article, see above), from the very beginning of the growing season and until the end of gardening work, apply Epin-Extra, Zircon, EcoFus, Tsitovit, Ferovit and Siliplant. Strong and stress-resistant plants will thank you with a large and high-quality harvest of fruits!

You can purchase NEST M drugs, as well as get advice

• at the address: 127550 Moscow, st. Pryanishnikova, 31A, VNIIA, office. 110
• in our online store: www.nest-m.biz
• by phone: (499) 976 - 2706, (499) 976 - 4736, 8 (800) 707- 88-65
• by e-mail: [email protected]
• on the company's website: www.nest-m.ru